(a) an accounting concept which enables the buyer of a machine to take an interest-free loan from the government
(b) The cost of the machine only is taken into account
(c) The cost of the machine plus incidental costs are amortized over the period of estimated life of the machine
(d) Depreciation is a fund to replace the machine by the time it wears out, by reinvesting fund + scrap value in a new machine.